Other NAMs Definitions
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION ON COSMETICS SAFETY
EPA Alternative Strategies - 2018
NAM has been adopted as a broadly descriptive reference to any technology, methodology, approach (including computational / in silicon models (i.e., QSARs)) or combination thereof that can be used to provide information on chemical hazard and risk assessment that avoids the use of intact animals.
Source
EPA New Approach Methods Work Plan - 2021
Any technology, methodology, approach, or combination that can provide information on chemical hazard and risk assessment to avoid the use of animal testing.
FDA CDER New Approaches - 2020
In vitro, in chemico, and in silico methods. In vivo methods when they:
- improve predictivity
- shift studies to phylogenetically lower animals
ECHA Workshop Report
- In silico approaches, in chemico and in vitro assays, as well as the inclusion of information from the exposure of chemicals in the context of hazard assessment.
- Variety of new testing tools, such as “high-throughput screening” and “high-content methods” e.g., genomics, proteomics, metabolomics.
- Some “conventional” methods that aim to improve understanding of toxic effects, either through improving toxicokinetic or toxicodynamic knowledge for substances, or which reduce animal testing while increasing robustness, throughput and providing a mechanistic understanding of chemical modes-of-actions, in accordance with the Next Generation Risk Assessment principles.
Health Canada Factsheet - 2023
NAMs are broadly defined as any technology, methodology, approach or combination thereof that can be used to replace, reduce or refine animal toxicity testing and allow for more rapid or effective prioritization and/or assessment of chemicals.
Nordic Workshop on New Approach Methodologies - 2020
[Methods that] reduce animal testing while increasing robustness, throughput and providing a mechanistic understanding of chemical modes-of-actions, in accordance with the Next Generation Risk Assessment principles.
UK National Center for the 3Rs
Replacement technologies (full and partial) for use in assessing chemical or drug toxicity.
ICCVAM Roadmap - 2018
Any non-animal technology, methodology, approach, or combination thereof that can be used to provide information on chemical hazard and risk assessment. Includes:
- IATAs, DAs, and performance-based evaluation of test methods
- Phylogenetically lower species
- Methods that reduce the number of animals required for a specific test, or refine animal use to lessen or avoid pain and distress.
SETAC - Updated; accessed February 2024
Any technology, methodology, approach, or accessed combination that can provide information on chemical hazard and risk assessment to avoid the use of animal testing.
CPSC Guidance - 2021
In vitro, in chemico, or in silico methods and/or integrated approaches used to test for toxicological endpoints in place of traditional animal testing.